{"id":27550,"date":"2021-11-19T13:41:17","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T13:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/?p=27550"},"modified":"2023-08-02T00:25:38","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T00:25:38","slug":"sistemas-de-informacoes-geograficas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/sistemas-de-informacoes-geograficas\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Geogr\u00e1ficas?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><strong>Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas<\/strong> (<b>SIG<\/b>), voc\u00ea acabou de colocar suas 2 m\u00e3os em um artigo definitivo a respeito do tema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Com a leitura do mesmo voc\u00ea aprender\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">O que s\u00e3o os <strong>sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas<\/strong>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Como os mesmos <strong>funcionam<\/strong>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">Quais as <strong>3 primitivas <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\"><strong>gr\u00e1ficas<\/strong> existentes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Como foi feita a padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos SIGs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Quais os <strong>14 softwares de Geoprocessamento<\/strong> existentes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Quais os 2 sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas <strong>mais populares<\/strong>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Quais as principais <strong>aplica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong> de um sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">E muito mais.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Prossiga a leitura com m\u00e1xima aten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><strong>sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas<\/strong> (<b>SIGs<\/b>) tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o conhecidos como <i><b>GIS<\/b><\/i> (<i><b>geographic information system<\/b><\/i>). Os mesmos s\u00e3o sistemas que facilitam a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/analise-espacial-conheca-as-diferentes-ferramentas\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">an\u00e1lise espacial<\/a><\/span> das diferentes aplica\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00f3cio-ambientais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Um SIG engloba pessoas, dados, software e hardware, permitindo a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e o armazenamento de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/dados-geoespaciais-o-que-sao\/\">dados geoespaciais<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Na realidade, Toda an\u00e1lise por <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/agropos.com.br\/o-que-e-geoprocessamento\/#:~:text=O%20geoprocessamento%20%C3%A9%20um%20ramo,tratamento%20e%20processamento%20de%20dados.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">geoprocessamento<\/a><\/span> pode ser entendida como um sistema, possuindo dados de entrada, processamentos e dados de sa\u00edda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4864\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas-1024x535.png\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os dados de entrada, por sua vez, precisam de alguma maneira ser abstra\u00eddos do mundo real, sendo que para isso os profissionais podem utilizar t\u00e9cnicas de obten\u00e7\u00e3o direta de dados, como, por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Topografia e;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/posicionamento-pelo-gnss-georreferenciamento\/\">Posicionamento pelo GNSS<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Ou utilizar o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/sensoriamento-remoto\/\">sensoriamento remoto<\/a><\/span>, utilizando para isso sensores orbitais e sub-orbitais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os processamentos, por sua vez, s\u00e3o realizados em <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/software-sig-os-14-principais\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">softwares espec\u00edficos<\/a><\/span>, que possuem como base uma superf\u00edcie cartogr\u00e1fica. Com isso, n\u00e3o tem como o profissional trabalhar com um <strong>sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica<\/strong> sem primeiramente entender de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/cartografia-o-que-e-e-tipos-existentes\/\">Cartografia<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Todo processamento, na realidade, \u00e9 formado por um ou mais algoritmos que tendo como base os dados de entrada, ir\u00e3o gerar os resultados finais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-5068\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/modelbuilder-1024x382.jpg\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas - modelbuilder\" width=\"1024\" height=\"382\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Olhe novamente para a imagem abaixo e perceba isso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4864\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas-1024x535.png\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas\" width=\"1024\" height=\"535\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Perceba que toda <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/geoprocessamento-e-georreferenciamento\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>an\u00e1lise por Geoprocessamento<\/strong><\/a><\/span> precisa de dados de entrada e de processamentos, gerando como resultado final os dados de sa\u00edda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Neste contexto, Fitz (2008) conceituou um sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica como:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border: 2px double #009900; background: #f0fff0 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: #323232; padding-left: 15px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Um sistema constitu\u00eddo por um conjunto de programas computacionais, o qual integra dados, equipamentos e pessoas com objetivo de coletar, armazenar, recuperar, manipular, visualizar e analisar<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/dados-espaciais-o-que-sao\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> dados espacialmente referenciados<\/a><\/span> a um <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/sistema-de-coordenadas-geograficas\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">sistema de coordenadas<\/a><\/span> conhecido. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; Origem dos SIGs<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26142\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/origem-do-sig-sistema-de-informacao-geografica.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"344\" height=\"310\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O <strong>primeiro relato<\/strong> da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/dados-geoespaciais-o-que-sao\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">dados geoespaciais<\/a><\/span> para a tomada de decis\u00e3o que se tem relato, surgiu em Londres, em 1854.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Naquele ano a cidade estava sofrendo com uma grave epidemia de c\u00f3lera, sendo que na \u00e9poca ainda n\u00e3o se conheciam as suas formas de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Diante deste cen\u00e1rio, o doutor John Snow teve a ideia de colocar no <strong>mapa da cidade a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos doentes de c\u00f3lera<\/strong> e a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos po\u00e7os de \u00e1gua.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Esta simples espacializa\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados permitiu que Snow percebesse que a maioria dos casos estavam concentradas em torno do po\u00e7a da Broad Street, ordenando o lacramento deste po\u00e7o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Fato este que contribuiu radicalmente para a <strong>redu\u00e7\u00e3o dos casos da doen\u00e7a<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; <\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Funcionamento <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4867\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistemas-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas.png\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistemas-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas.png 600w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistemas-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.3; color: #000000;\">Fonte da imagem: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Um <strong>sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica<\/strong> separa a informa\u00e7\u00e3o em diferentes camadas tem\u00e1ticas, armazenando as mesmas de maneira independente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Com isso \u00e9 poss\u00edvel trabalhar-se com as mesmas de maneira simples e r\u00e1pida, o que permite que o analista relacione as informa\u00e7\u00f5es existentes atrav\u00e9s da posi\u00e7\u00e3o e da <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/conceito.de\/topologia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">topologia<\/a><\/span> dos objetos, gerando novas informa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os formatos de dados mais comuns a um sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica s\u00e3o o<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/imagem-raster-e-dados-vetoriais-qual-a-viferenca\/\">raster (matricial) e o vectorial<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Formato raster<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4866\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas-formato-raster.jpg\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas - formato raster\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas-formato-raster.jpg 480w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-informa\u00e7\u00f5es-geogr\u00e1ficas-formato-raster-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/imagens-raster-o-que-sao-e-tipos-existentes\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>formato raster<\/strong><\/a><\/span> centra-se nas propriedades do espa\u00e7o, compartimentando-o em c\u00e9lulas regulares, normalmente quadradas, mas que tamb\u00e9m podem ser retangulares, triangulares ou hexagonais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Cada c\u00e9lula, por sua vez, apresenta um \u00fanico valor. Quanto maior for a dimens\u00e3o de cada c\u00e9lula (resolu\u00e7\u00e3o) menor \u00e9 a precis\u00e3o ou detalhe na representa\u00e7\u00e3o do espa\u00e7o geogr\u00e1fico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">De uma maneira mais simples de entender, imagine que <strong>cada imagem raster \u00e9 como um enorme quebra-cabe\u00e7a<\/strong>, sendo que cada p\u00edxel \u00e9 como cada uma das pe\u00e7as que fazem parte do quebra-cabe\u00e7a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4868\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/quebra-cabe\u00e7a-1024x595.jpg\" alt=\"quebra cabe\u00e7a\" width=\"1024\" height=\"595\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">A \u00fanica diferen\u00e7a \u00e9 que no formato raster cada p\u00edxel (pe\u00e7a do quebra-cabe\u00e7a) armazena um \u00fanico valor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4870\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/raster.png\" alt=\"raster\" width=\"600\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/raster.png 600w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/raster-300x130.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Formato vetorial<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4871\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/formato-vetorial.jpg\" alt=\"formato vetorial\" width=\"728\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/formato-vetorial.jpg 728w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/formato-vetorial-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">No<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/dados-vetoriais-o-que-sao-e-tipos-existentes\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> <strong>formato vetorial<\/strong><\/a><\/span> por sua vez, o foco das representa\u00e7\u00f5es centra-se na precis\u00e3o da localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos elementos no espa\u00e7o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Com isso, para modelar digitalmente as entidades do mundo real o formato vetorial <strong>utiliza essencialmente tr\u00eas formas espaciais<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Ponto, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Linha e;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Pol\u00edgono.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Outro sim, o formato de dados tradicionalmente utilizado por um sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica \u00e9 o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/ibge-shapefile-como-baixar-shapefiles\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">shapefile<\/a><\/span>. Por\u00e9m, nos \u00faltimos anos, o formato <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/geopackage-o-que-e-e-como-criar\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">GeoPackage<\/a><\/span> surgiu e passou a ser utilizado por muitos profissionais da \u00e1rea. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Vamos entender melhor o mesmo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; Formato shapefile<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5137\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/formato-shapefile.png\" alt=\"Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas - Formato shapefile\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/formato-shapefile.png 256w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/formato-shapefile-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/formato-shapefile\/\">shapefile<\/a><\/span> \u00e9 o formato oficial utilizado em sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas. O mesmo foi desenvolvido e \u00e9 regulado pela <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.esri.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Esri<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">\u00c9 considerado um formato aberto, apesar de ser propriet\u00e1rio. Por ser aberto, o formato recebe suporte de diversos <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/software-de-geoprocessamento-os-14-principais\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">aplicativos de processamento de mapas<\/a><\/span> gratuitos e de c\u00f3digo livre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O mesmo pode descrever espacialmente qualidades de vetores (pontos, linhas e pol\u00edgonos, para rios, lagos e po\u00e7os, por exemplo) e cada item normalmente possui atributos que o descreve, como nome e temperatura.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Apesar de ser um termo no singular, o formato shapefile consiste numa cole\u00e7\u00e3o de arquivos de mesmo nome e termina\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes, armazenados no mesmo diret\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"> Desta maneira, existem tr\u00eas arquivos obrigat\u00f3rios para o correto funcionamento de um shapefile. S\u00e3o eles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"> .shp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"> .shx e;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"> .dbf. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O arquivo shapefile propriamente dito \u00e9 o .shp, mas se distribu\u00eddo sozinho n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 capaz de exibir os dados armazenados. A distribui\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser feita juntamente com os outros dois arquivos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os arquivos obrigat\u00f3rios s\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">.shp \u2014 armazena as caracter\u00edsticas da geometria propriamente dital<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">.shx \u2014 possui um \u00edndice com as caracter\u00edsticas das geometrias<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">.dbf \u2014 \u00c9 o banco de dados do shapefile, possuindo os atributos apresentados em colunas para cada &#8220;shape&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; Formato GeoPackage<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-27459\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geopackage-vantagens-780x356.png\" alt=\"formato GeoPackage\" width=\"780\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geopackage-vantagens-780x356.png 780w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geopackage-vantagens-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geopackage-vantagens-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Geopackage-vantagens.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">O <strong>GeoPackage<\/strong> \u00e9 um formato aberto de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/geotecnologias-e-suas-aplicacoes\/\">informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geoespacial<\/a><\/span>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">O mesmo \u00e9 um formato de arquivo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"> Baseado em padr\u00f5es;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Independente de plataforma;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Port\u00e1til;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Auto explicativo e.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Compacto.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Este formato de dados foi desenvolvido no ano de 2014 pela <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ogc.org\/\">Open Geoespacial Consortium<\/a><\/span> (OGC), pensado especialmente para o mundo Mobile. Por\u00e9m, o mesmo funciona independentemente de plataformas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">A OGC desenvolveu o mesmo com o intuito de que ele se torne o formato padr\u00e3o de arquivos espaciais, substituindo o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/formato-shapefile\/\">shapefile<\/a><\/span>, o kml e os demais formatos de arquivos do tipo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/geopackage-o-que-e-e-como-criar\/\">Neste artigo<\/a><\/span> eu explico melhor este formato de dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; <\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span id=\"Padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">Padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4880\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sig.png\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas - sig\" width=\"433\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sig.png 433w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sig-300x253.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Na tentativa de chegar a uma padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos diferentes tipos de dados citados acima, existe o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Open Geospatial Consortium\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Geospatial_Consortium\">Open Geospatial Consortium<\/a><\/span>, hospedado em <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a class=\"external free\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opengeospatial.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.opengeospatial.org\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O objetivo do mesmo \u00e9 for\u00e7ar os desenvolvedores de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/software-sig-os-14-principais\/\">software de SIG e Geoprocessamento<\/a><\/span> a adotarem padr\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Atualmente, possui algumas especifica\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Web Map Service\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Web_Map_Service\">WMS<\/a><\/span> &#8211; Web Map Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Web Feature Service\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Web_Feature_Service\">WFS<\/a><\/span> &#8211; Web Feature Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"WCS\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WCS\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">WC<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">S<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><\/span><\/a> &#8211; Web Coverage Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><a class=\"new\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"CS-W (p\u00e1gina n\u00e3o existe)\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=CS-W&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">CS-<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">W<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><\/span><\/a> &#8211; Catalog Service Web<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a class=\"new\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Simple Features (p\u00e1gina n\u00e3o existe)\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Simple_Features&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">SFS<\/a><\/span> &#8211; Simple Features &#8211; SQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Geography Markup Language\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geography_Markup_Language\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">GML<\/span><\/a> &#8211; Geography Markup Language<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; Os 14 softwares de Geoprocessamento existentes<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-25993\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/inventario-de-area-georreferenciada-780x472.png\" alt=\"software de geoprocessamento - Lista com os 14 mais comuns existentes\" width=\"780\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/inventario-de-area-georreferenciada-780x472.png 780w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/inventario-de-area-georreferenciada-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/inventario-de-area-georreferenciada-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/inventario-de-area-georreferenciada-1536x929.png 1536w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/inventario-de-area-georreferenciada.png 1796w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">A wikip\u00e9dia possui uma lista com 14 softwares de SIG, o tipo de licen\u00e7a, plataforma utilizada, idiomas dispon\u00edveis e os links de acesso as p\u00e1ginas dos mesmos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Segue a mesma:<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; border: 2px solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%; width: 77.6829%; height: 441px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\" align=\"center\">\n<caption><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<th style=\"background: #ffcfb2; height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #ffcfb2; height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #ffcfb2; height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Plataformas<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #ffcfb2; height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Idiomas dispon\u00edveis<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #ffcfb2; height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">P\u00e1gina<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">ArcGIS<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Windows<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas, Portugu\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\">Link<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Bentley Map<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Bentley Systems<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Windows, Microstation<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">https:\/\/www.bentley.com\/pt\/products\/brands\/map<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">GEOMEDIA<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Windows<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/support.intergraph.com\/Product\/GeoMediaViewer.asp\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">GRASS<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">GNU GPL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Multiplataforma<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/grass.osgeo.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">gvSIG<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">GNU GPL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Multiplataforma<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas, Espanhol e Chin\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gvsig.org\/web\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mapinfo<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Windows<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapinfo.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">MapWindow<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Mozilla Public License<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Windows<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\">Link<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 42px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">NETtool<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio (Assinatura Mensal)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Web (SaaS)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Portugu\u00eas, Espanhol e Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cognatis.com.br\/nettool\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">QGIS<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">GNU GPL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Multiplataforma<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas e Portugu\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/qgis.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">SPRING<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio (Freeware)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Multiplataforma<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Portugu\u00eas e Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dpi.inpe.br\/spring\/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">SAGA GIS<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">GNU GPL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Multiplataforma<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.saga-gis.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 42px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">iSmart<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio (Shareware)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Multiplataforma \/ Web (SaaS)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/espatial.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 42px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">TerraView<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">GNU GPL<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Multiplataforma<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Portugu\u00eas, Espanhol e Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100723125614\/http:\/\/www.dpi.inpe.br\/terraview\/index.php\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Transcad<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Windows<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #0000ff; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.caliper.com\/tcovu.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 42px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 10.7345%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">VisualSIG<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 18.0791%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Software propriet\u00e1rio<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 16.9492%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Windows<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 14.8023%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Portugu\u00eas, Espanhol e Ingl\u00eas<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 42px; width: 39.209%;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aldape.pt\/visualsig\" rel=\"nofollow\">L<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">ink<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 21px; width: 99.7741%;\" colspan=\"5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Lembrando que aqui no blog eu possuo artigos a respeito da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rios destes softwares. Seguem os links de acesso aos mesmos:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">&gt; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/gvsig-o-que-e-e-seus-recursos\/\">gvSIG: o que \u00e9 e seus recursos&#8230;<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">&gt; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/spring-o-que-e-e-como-baixar\/\">SPRING: conhe\u00e7a este software brasileiro&#8230;<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">&gt; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/postgis-o-que-e-e-para-que-serve\/\">PostGIS: conhe\u00e7a este fabuloso software&#8230;<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;\">&gt; <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/terraview-para-que-serve-e-como-baixar\/\">TerraView: para que serve e como baixar&#8230;<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span id=\"Padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas mais populares<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4873\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/softwares-de-SIGs.png\" alt=\"softwares de SIGs\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/softwares-de-SIGs.png 600w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/softwares-de-SIGs-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span id=\"Sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o_de_mapas\" class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Fonte da imagem: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o_de_mapas\" class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Existem diversos sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas atualmente em uso, por\u00e9m 2 dos mesmos se destacaram. S\u00e3o eles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/curso-arcgis-online-e-com-certificado\/\">ArcGIS<\/a><\/span> e;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qgis.org\/pt_BR\/site\/\">QGIS<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Vamos conhecer melhor os mesmos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">ArcGIS<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4874\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/arcgis.jpg\" alt=\"arcgis\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/arcgis.jpg 600w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/arcgis-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/arcgis-360x240.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O <strong>ArcGIS<\/strong> \u00e9 um <strong>sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica propriet\u00e1rio<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O mesmo foi desenvolvido pela <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.img.com.br\/pt-br\/arcgis\/visao-geral\/visao-geral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ESRI<\/a><\/span>, sendo que segundo a mesma, o ArcGIS oferece um conjunto de funcionalidades baseadas em localiza\u00e7\u00e3o para diversas an\u00e1lises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Para isso, o mesmo utiliza ferramentas que possibilitam analisar e visualizar dados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Essas informa\u00e7\u00f5es podem ser compartilhadas com outras pessoas por meio de aplicativos, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/mapa-de-uso-do-solo-o-que-e-os-tipos-existentes\/\">mapas<\/a><\/span> e relat\u00f3rios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">QGIS<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-27475\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ferramentas-e-plugins-qgis-780x472.png\" alt=\"QGIS\" width=\"780\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ferramentas-e-plugins-qgis-780x472.png 780w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ferramentas-e-plugins-qgis-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ferramentas-e-plugins-qgis-768x465.png 768w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ferramentas-e-plugins-qgis-1536x929.png 1536w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ferramentas-e-plugins-qgis.png 1795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">O <b>QGIS<\/b> (anteriormente conhecido como <b>Quantum GIS<\/b>) \u00e9 um <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Software livre\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_livre\">software livre<\/a><\/span> com c\u00f3digo-fonte aberto, multiplataforma de sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica (SIG) que permite a visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, edi\u00e7\u00e3o e an\u00e1lise de dados georreferenciados.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">\u00c9 importante que voc\u00ea saiba que tanto o ArcGIS como o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/curso-qgis-online-com-certificado\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">QGIS<\/a><\/span> foram desenvolvidos com a mesma linguagem de programa\u00e7\u00e3o, a Python. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span id=\"Sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o_de_mapas\" class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas &#8211; Sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o de mapas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4876\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o-de-mapas-1024x921.png\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas - sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o de mapas\" width=\"550\" height=\"495\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><b>Sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o de mapas<\/b> \u00e9 uma forma de sobrepor um <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/criar-mapa-voce-comete-estes-2-erros\/\">mapa<\/a><\/span> a outro para obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es comparadas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">A sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o de um ou mais mapas \u00e9 um recurso interessante quando se busca apresentar e comparar diferentes dados e informa\u00e7\u00f5es, referentes a uma mesma localidade, em um \u00fanico mapa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">A representa\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00f5es em mapas diferentes n\u00e3o impede a compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre elas, contudo, a vantagem de sobrep\u00f4-las em um s\u00f3 mapa se deve \u00e0 possibilidade de verificar exatamente os pontos ou as \u00e1reas de ocorr\u00eancia de cada informa\u00e7\u00e3o, facilitando a compara\u00e7\u00e3o visual entre elas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span id=\"Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o\" class=\"mw-headline\" style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de um sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4877\" src=\"http:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/an\u00e1lise-de-sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o-no-geoprocessamento.jpg\" alt=\"sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas - an\u00e1lise de sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o no geoprocessamento\" width=\"630\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/an\u00e1lise-de-sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o-no-geoprocessamento.jpg 630w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/an\u00e1lise-de-sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o-no-geoprocessamento-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os <strong>sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es espaciais<\/strong> permitem a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00f5es provenientes de diversas fontes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Como exemplos temos informa\u00e7\u00f5es obtidas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Via <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/sensoriamento-remoto\/\">sensoriamento remoto<\/a><\/span> (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/fotografias-aereas-e-imagens-de-satelite\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">sat\u00e9lites<\/a><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/radar-interferometrico-o-que-e-e-como-funciona\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00f4nibus espaciais<\/a><\/span>, avi\u00f5es e <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/levantamento-topografico-com-drone\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">drones<\/a><\/span>);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Obtidas a campo com <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/receptores-gnss-7-dicas-para-voce-comprar-o-seu\/\">receptores GNSS<\/a><\/span>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Obtidas a campo com a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos m\u00e9todos tradicionais da <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"Topografia\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Topografia\">Topografia<\/a><\/span>. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Estas informa\u00e7\u00f5es poder\u00e3o ser utilizadas para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/exemplos-de-mapas-tematicos\/\">mapas tem\u00e1ticos<\/a> <\/span>da \u00e1rea de estudos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"> Segundo Silva (1999) os <strong>objetivos suplementares de um SIG<\/strong> s\u00e3o:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Produzir mapas com rapidez;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Diminuir o pre\u00e7o da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de mapas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Facilitar a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos mesmos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Produzi-los com mais pormenor;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Possibilitar automaticamente a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o e revis\u00e3o;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Possibilitar a an\u00e1lise quantitativa de dados espaciais.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Entre as aplica\u00e7\u00f5es nas quais um sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica pode ter um papel importante encontram-se:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><b>Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b>: Obter caracter\u00edsticas de um lugar;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><b>Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b>: Cumprimento ou n\u00e3o de condi\u00e7\u00f5es impostas aos objetos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><b>Tend\u00eancia<\/b>: Compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre situa\u00e7\u00f5es temporais ou espaciais distintas e proje\u00e7\u00e3o de cen\u00e1rios;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><b>Rotas<\/b>: C\u00e1lculo de caminhos \u00f3timos entre dois ou mais pontos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><b>Modelos<\/b>: Gera\u00e7\u00e3o de modelos explicativos a partir do comportamento observado de fen\u00f4menos.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Um <strong>sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica<\/strong> pode ser considerado um instrumento que possibilita o mapeamento e a indica\u00e7\u00e3o de respostas \u00e0s diversas quest\u00f5es no que se refere:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Ao planejamento urbano e regional e;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Ao levantamento de recursos renov\u00e1veis. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Aronoff (1991) descreve as seguintes aplica\u00e7\u00f5es representativas para as quais um SIG pode ser utilizado com sucesso.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/drones-na-agricultura-aplicacoes-e-beneficios\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Agricultura e planejamento do uso do solo<\/a><\/span>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Silvicultura e gerenciamento da vida silvestre;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Monitoramento e gest\u00e3o de \u00e1reas costeiras;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Arqueologia;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Geologia e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es municipais.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Os <strong>campos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o dos SIGs<\/strong>, s\u00e3o muito vastos, sendo poss\u00edvel a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do mesmo em toda e qualquer aplica\u00e7\u00e3o que tiver um componente espacial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Isso engloba praticamente toda e qualquer \u00e1rea existente porque tudo est\u00e1 de alguma maneira espacialmente relacionado.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Para voc\u00ea ter uma ideia as <strong>aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de um sistema de informa\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica<\/strong> v\u00e3o desde o estudo de impactos ambientais e vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica de doen\u00e7as at\u00e9 \u00e1reas como o marketing e decis\u00f5es de compra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">B\u00f4nus: qual a diferen\u00e7a entre Geoprocessamento e Geotecnologias<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-27532\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/geoprocessamento-ambiental-780x373.jpeg\" alt=\"diferen\u00e7a entre Geoprocessamento e Geotecnologias\" width=\"780\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/geoprocessamento-ambiental-780x373.jpeg 780w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/geoprocessamento-ambiental-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/geoprocessamento-ambiental-768x367.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/geoprocessamento-ambiental.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">A pr\u00f3pria <strong>palavra Geoprocessamento<\/strong> em sua etimologia diz o que o mesmo \u00e9:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\"><strong>Geo + processamento<\/strong>. Ou seja, processamento de dados geoespaciais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Enquanto o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/geoprocessamento-e-georreferenciamento\/\">geoprocessamento<\/a><\/span> \u00e9 apenas o processamento das informa\u00e7\u00f5es geoespaciais, as <strong>geotecnologias<\/strong> s\u00e3o todas as tecnologias inerentes ao geoprocessamento.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Com isso, o &#8220;<em>sistema geotecnologias<\/em>&#8221; engloba desde as tecnologias de obten\u00e7\u00e3o de dados (sensoriamento remoto, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/curso-topografia\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">topografia<\/a><\/span> e <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/operador-de-gnss\/\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">posicionamento pelo GNSS<\/a><\/span>) at\u00e9 o processamento dos dados e a an\u00e1lise final dos mesmos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Lembrando que eu possuo uma s\u00e9rie de <strong>cursos pr\u00e1ticos e de livros<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Se voc\u00ea quer<strong> MERGULHAR FUNDO e aprender a prestar servi\u00e7os com grande velocidade e com seguran\u00e7a<\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/cursos-online\/\">acesse este link<\/a><\/span> e conhe\u00e7a os mesmos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.3;\">Entre eles, o <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/curso-de-autocad-para-topografia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Curso de Confec\u00e7\u00e3o de Plantas Topogr\u00e1ficas<\/a><\/span>. <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Um <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.3;\">curso pr\u00e1tico <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.3;\">com o qual voc\u00ea vai <strong>aprender a produzir as 15 diferentes plantas produzidas em um escrit\u00f3rio de topografia<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/curso-de-autocad-para-topografia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31689\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/planta-de-topografia-1024x612.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"460\" \/><\/a> <span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Clique <a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/curso-de-autocad-para-topografia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">neste link<\/span><\/a> e conhe\u00e7a melhor o mesmo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; line-height: 1.3;\">Espero que o artigo tenha sido \u00fatil e relevante para voc\u00ea. Gratid\u00e3o por voc\u00ea ter lido o mesmo. \ud83d\ude4f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Domine a Topografia Cadastral atrav\u00e9s de um livro formado por centenas de exemplos pr\u00e1ticos <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/georreferenciamento-de-imoveis-rurais-na-pratica\/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-19317\" src=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-1024x474.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-1024x474.png 1024w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-768x355.png 768w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-1536x711.png 1536w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-320x148.png 320w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-640x296.png 640w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-360x167.png 360w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-720x333.png 720w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-1080x500.png 1080w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-800x370.png 800w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento-1280x592.png 1280w, https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/livro-de-topografia-e-georreferenciamento.png 1565w\" alt=\"livro de topografia e georreferenciamento\" width=\"1024\" height=\"474\"><\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Voc\u00ea quer dominar a Topografia Cadastral?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Ent\u00e3o eu tenho uma \u00f3tima noticia para voc\u00ea. Me refiro ao <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/georreferenciamento-de-imoveis-rurais-na-pratica\/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">livro Topografia Cadastral e Georreferenciamento de Im\u00f3veis Rurais na Pr\u00e1tica<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">O mesmo \u00e9 dividido em 10 cap\u00edtulos recheados com muitos estudos de caso e exemplos pr\u00e1ticos. D\u00ea uma espiadinha no sum\u00e1rio do mesmo:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe width=\"99%\" height=\"980\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1HJ8fZz1PvPmftfXHJNFTvIBBzY_FZhPJ\/preview\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000;\">Para conhecer melhor a estrutura do livro, juntar-se a mais de 800 profissionais e adquirir sua c\u00f3pia \u00e9 s\u00f3 clicar no bot\u00e3o abaixo:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adenilsongiovanini.com.br\/georreferenciamento-de-imoveis-rurais-na-pratica\/\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-3d\" style=\"color:#000000;background-color:#2BCC2F;border-color:#23a426;border-radius:9px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" id=\"1\"><span style=\"color:#000000;padding:0px 24px;font-size:18px;line-height:36px;border-color:#6bdc6e;border-radius:9px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"> \u279c Quero Conhecer Melhor o Livro, Pois Quero e Preciso Aprender Mais Sobre Legisla\u00e7\u00e3o Cadastral e Geo. de Im\u00f3veis Rurais<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas (SIG), voc\u00ea acabou de colocar suas 2 m\u00e3os em um artigo definitivo a respeito do tema. Com a leitura do mesmo voc\u00ea aprender\u00e1: O que s\u00e3o os sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas; Como os mesmos funcionam; Quais as 3 primitivas gr\u00e1ficas existentes; Como foi feita a padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arcgis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Geogr\u00e1ficas? - Adenilson Giovanini<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descubra o que s\u00e3o os sistemas de informa\u00e7\u00f5es geogr\u00e1ficas, quais os 14 softwares SIG existentes e quais as principais aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. 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